"Table Of Content"
Acknowledgement
Genghis Khan or Genghis Khan was the first Great Mongolian tribal chief who conquered northern China, Central Asia (including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan), and Afghanistan and invaded parts of India (modern-day Pakistan). Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia and large swathes of Russian lands were also integrated into the Mongol Empire. Even Europe was afraid of him. Genghis Khan established the 2nd largest empire in the world after the British Empire. His empire was also the largest contiguous empire in the world. He was the founder of modern-day Mongolia, He also captured Beijing, Samarkand, Balkh, Bukhara, Bamyan, and Herat. His grandson Kublai Khan ruled over entire China and captured the Sung dynasty.
Part 1
“Mangool Tribes and Early Life of Tamujin.”
Atribe once lived in these plains. The name of this tribe was Borjigan and its chief was Yesugai. About eight and a half hundred years ago, this tribe had a war with the Tatar tribes. In this battle, an important Tatar warrior Tamujin was captured. The chained Tamojin lay in front of the Borjigan clan chief. In such a situation Yesugai was informed that a son was born to him. Yesugai named his son Tamojin after this prisoner. When Tamujan was born, there was a clot of blood in his hand. Legend has it that the elders of the tribe knew this and said that one day this boy will become a great conqueror and history has proved it. This is the story of the same child Tamojin whom the world knows today as Genghis Khan.
Today you are Reading the first part of mini story who was the Genghis Khan? This is the Onan River. It flows through Mongolia and enters Russia. On both sides of this 818 km long river there are vast grasslands and verdant hills. Centuries ago, Mongolian tribes lived here on the banks of this river. The ancient Mongols believed that all Mongols were descendants of a wolf that lived on the banks of the same river. Eight and a half hundred years ago, on the banks of the Onan River, a Mongolian horseman was playing game with his falcon, a squire. It was Yasugai, the chief of the Borjigan tribe. While hunting, he suddenly saw a deer. Chhakde was being taken by a man from another Mongol tribe, Merkad. As Yasugai approached the shack, he saw a sixteen-year-old girl sitting in the shack.This girl is such a brother to his heart that he is desperate to marry her. Yesugai, along with his two brothers, attacked the man. The man of Merkad tribe was not able to compete, so he left the girl who was his wife and ran away. This girl, who was now in the possession of Yesugai, actually belonged to another clan, Ulkhund, and her name was Huilin. Yesugai married her as per his wish. It is about 1162 that a child was born from the womb of Huylan to this Yesugai. Which was named Tamujan. Tamojan literally means blacksmith. It is the region of northeastern Mongolia where Genghis Khan is said to have been born. At that time, the Mongol tribes were very backward. They lived a nomadic life. Sometimes they lived in this pasture and sometimes at the foot of that hill. Meaning, where food and fodder would be better, that was their abode. He was so skilled in hunting that he used to shoot arrows while sitting on a horse and kill even his enemy. In the same way, little Tamujan also excelled in horsemanship and archery in his childhood. When he was nine years old, his father betrothed him to a ten-year-old girl, Borte, in the Avingrat tribe.
After the engagement, Yesugai left Tamojin's future father-in-law in his clan and returned home on his own. But before going back he instructed them to take care of Tamujan, he is very afraid of dogs. After the betrothal of his teenage son, Yesugai was happily returning to his camp when he became very thirsty on the way. After some searching, he saw some Mongols throwing a feast at a place. It was the people of the Tatar tribe with whom Yesugai was enmity. But he thought who would recognize me here. I will leave after a few sips of water and a full meal. So he joined the feast of these people. The Mongols had a custom of inviting strangers to their feasts.But it was Yesugai's naivety that no one would recognize him. One eye in the feast saw and recognized him and secretly told this secret to some other people. Now instead of attacking and killing him, they played a safe bet and poisoned his food. Yesugai left with a pleasant invitation of his own.
But on the way his condition started to deteriorate and he understood. The poison was starting to show its effect. Still he somehow got home. On the third day after being poisoned, he breathed his last in his tent.
But before dying, he told his people what happened to him and where it happened.With Yesugai's death, the issue of clan chieftainship also arose. He had a small nomadic tribe.But he was a prisoner of traditions. They considered only him as a chief who could make himself a chief with his strength and ability. So the people of his clan were not ready to accept Yesugai's wife and any of the young children as their chief. Rather, they soon agreed to leave them. By this time Tamujan had also returned from his father-in-law's house. He and his mother tried to stop the tribesmen, but they could not stop anyone except a few loyal ones. The few people who were left behind now lived on the banks of the river and spent the day there eating and drinking or playing bird hunting. They made arrows from wood and pointed bones and wore clothes made from the skins of rats and dogs. It was a very difficult time for Tamojin's family. And these hardships made Tamujan hard and stone hearted.
While hunting for food and playing with dangers, he became so ruthless that one day he got tangled up with his half-brother Baktar. Although the matter was only that his brother had picked up the bird he had hunted. He was so hardened that when the same brother took his fish a second time, Tamujan shot him dead with an arrow.
Tamojan was the eldest of his five siblings. He also had two half-brothers, one of whom he had already killed. So Tamujan became the de facto head of his family at a young age. People were watching his skills and fighting spirit. And when people came and went to meet his estranged clansmen, they would tell them that Yesugai's son Tamujan was producing many parts and that he was becoming something special. He may even try to take back the chieftainship at some point. Perhaps it was this fear that one day some people from Issi's tribe attacked the camp from Tamujin's makeshift. But Tamojin and his colleagues were not completely unaware. They built a strong fence-like wall around the camp. Taking a position behind the same fence, they stopped the attackers for some time. The attackers were not too numerous.
So instead of a long contest, they demanded that if only Tamojan was handed over to them, they would not say anything to the rest. But none of the camp agreed to this demand. But during this conversation, Tamujin got an opportunity to escape. He mounted a horse and fled from behind the camp towards the forest. When the attackers saw him fleeing, they laid siege to his camp and followed him.
Now Tamujan was in front and the enemy was behind him, his life was in serious danger, but he still managed to escape from them and hide in the dense forest. His enemies surrounded this part of the forest and waited for Tamujin to come out hungry and thirsty and capture him.
According to The Secret History of the Mongols, Tamojin spent the first three days and three nights in this forest without eating or drinking anything. On the fourth day he thought of going out. But when he started to leave, the horse's saddle fell off. He took it as an ominous sign that he should not venture out of the forest just yet. So he turned and hid there. He remained stuck there for the next three days.There was nothing there that a man could eat willingly. I don't know how he kept filling his stomach there, eating leaves, chewing the bark of trees or maybe something else. Whatever it was, he did not let the strings of life break.
Then on the fourth day he came out. But now it happened again that while coming out of the thick forest, a white rock fell on his way. Tamojin then took this as an omen and retreated.
He spent three more days hiding in the forest. But now hunger and thirst were getting beyond him. He wanted to get out of the forest at any cost. However, he believed that his enemies would have left the siege by now. So he took out his knife and started cutting the bushes around the place where the rock fall blocked the path and thus a path was made.
After some time the path was made and he came out of the forest. But what is it? His enemies had gone nowhere, standing outside waiting for him.
They took Tamojin prisoner and took them with them. Now the life and death of Tamujan was in their hands. But soon they decided that they would keep Tamojin in prison for the time being and not kill him. The enemies tied a wooden noose around his neck so that he could not escape easily. Then a celebration was held in the same joy.
Tamujan was involved in this too, but was obviously shackled. His chain was in the hand of a teenage boy. The clansmen around Tamujan were dancing, singing and celebrating the victory. But soon the tribesmen began to scatter here and there in despair.
Among the scattered people, Tamojin began to look for opportunity. And seizing the opportunity, he swung his heavy neck brace hard, which hit the head of the boy holding the chain. The boy was hurt and fell to the ground, the chain fell from his hand and Tamojin ran away. The injured boy screamed but it took some time for the celebrants to understand the situation. But as soon as they realized the situation, they sprang into action and began surveying the surrounding forest and streams. The night was moonlit, everything was clearly visible in the distance. Then the shackle that was on Tamujan's neck was also very heavy. Tamojin's escape was apparently impossible. The tribesmen were sure that he could not run far. They will find him soon, but despite a stealthy search, they find no trace of Tamojin. Where did Tamujan disappear to?
What actually happened was that Tamojin showed a lot of smartness. He did not go far from this camp. He was lying nearby in a stream with very little water. He was on the lookout for the right opportunity, but then it happened that he was spotted by a man hiding in the river. This day could have been Tamojin's last day, but what happened was that this man turned out to be Tamojin's secret sympathizer.
Instead of making the news public, he advised Tamujan to go secretly to his brothers and mother and promised to keep quiet himself. Having given this advice, he quietly returned to his tent without telling anyone. But then, sometime in the night, someone entered his tent. It was Tamojin, and once again he needed the help of his secret sympathizer. Because he could not move easily with the heavy shackle around his neck, he could not run away. The man came in handy once again. He and his sons took off Tamujan's shackles and burned them. But at the same time those looking for Tamojin were also coming towards the same place looking at each place.
So Hamdard's family hid Tamujan in a hut standing behind their tent and piled wool on him.
The searchers even reached this pile of wool. They started removing the wool from the cow to see if he was hiding in it. It was almost that those people would find Tamojin. But in such a case the prudence of his sympathetic host came in handy. He noticed that the searchers were sweating.
He told the soldiers that in such intense heat when it is difficult to even stand near the wool, there is no question that there is something hidden inside it. The soldiers were probably already tired of searching. This sentence became an excuse for him, and he left the search "Absolutely". Saying "exactly" they returned to where they came from. Tamujin was once again narrowly escaped.
After these people left, the man took Tamojin out of the cage. He was given a mare for the journey, along with meat to eat, a bow and two arrows. After a long detour Tamojin arrived at the place where his brothers and loyalists had last helped him escape, where his camp had once been. But there was nothing there anymore, his family members had left the place for fear of further attack. But Tamujan, like other Mongols, was also an expert explorer. He guessed which way his companions had gone by the marks on the horses' tops and other things along the way. Searching and searching, he soon found his own.
After that, Tamujan took the caravan with his brief and left for the mountains. So that the enemies who are looking for him cannot kill him and his loved ones. They stopped at a place that was somewhat safe. But there he faced many problems to satisfy his hunger until he had to eat even a mouse several times. Many times he also faced robbers' attacks but he continued to endure all this and the days passed by. And in all this you must have forgotten that Tamujan had a fiancée too. Tamojan was sixteen years old.
He started to miss his fiancee.
So he went to his future father-in-law's house. Here she married Borte and as a gift her in-laws gave her a very valuable sable skin. Tamujan returned to his home with his bride and precious postin. He made a new and peaceful start. But not even his angels knew that his bride Borte and the precious skins of Samour were leading him to an unforgettable turning point in history. Tamujin lived like nomads along the banks of rivers. He lived on wild animals, fish and fruits. Then one day he came to know that near where he was encamped, there was an encampment of Kiryat, a powerful tribe of Mongols.
The chief of the Kirayat clan was Tughral, popularly known as Ong Khan. He and Tamojin's father Yesugai had been close friends. So Tamujan decided to meet Ong Khan. While walking, Tamujan also kept the sable skins he got from his father-in-law. On reaching Ong Khan, he presented a gift of postin and reminded him of his father's old friendship. By meeting the son of an old friend, Ong Khan became an ally of Tamojin. He was so pleased with Pustin's gift that he said to Tamujin,
"In return I will bring your scattered tribe back to your chiefdom."
Tamujin returned from Ong Khan's camp. He was very happy and he was sure that soon he would get the chieftaincy of his clan and he would not have to wander in Darbad. But a few days after his return, a terrible incident happened to him which was a huge blow to his ego. One morning the sun was just rising.
Tamujan and his family had not fully awakened when the ground began to rumble with the hoofs of countless horses.
Tamujan was attacked by the Merkad tribe, an enemy of his father.
It was the same clan whose man's ex-wife, Holin, had been snatched by Tamojin's father from the Yesugai route and brought into his clan. Seeing this attack, Tamujan understood that now they are coming for revenge. So Tamujan immediately hid his wife Borte in a bullock cart. Then told his old servant to take him as far away as possible. Sending his wife to one side, Tamojan went to the other side with his brothers and mother. so that the assailants would follow him and not capture his wife. But ironically, the bullock cart carrying his wife was caught and Tamojan reached the mountains safely. The Merkad clan had settled its old reckoning. Tamojin's wife was in his possession, as was his daughter Huilan, Tamojin's father Yesugai. When Tamujan learns that his wife has been kidnapped, he rushes to Ong Khan, chief of the Karaite tribe, in a rage.
He sought her help to bring back his wife. Ong Khan kept his promise and relationship well. He sent twenty thousand soldiers from the Karaite tribe with Tamojan. Meanwhile, his childhood friend Jamuka also came to his aid with twenty thousand warriors. Seeing this large army with him, Tamujan's morale started to touch the sky. He began surveying the jungles and plains looking for the Merkad clan brick by brick. But obviously that tribe was also a nomad. He did not have any abode. So this army also pursued the Merkad tribe and reached Siberia, 400 kilometers away. There is even a lake which is the largest freshwater lake in the world.
This lake located in Russia is also the deepest lake in the world. This may not be known to the people of that time, but on the banks of this precious lake, Tamujan saw the Merkad tribe.
He suddenly attacked at night. Many people ran away after seeing such a large army. The remaining children started to compete. There was a roar of swords, human screams and horses. And in the midst of this commotion, Tamojan was making crazy noises. Borte Borte Borte But ironically, Borte did not know that the attackers were his own clan and Tamojan was with them. That's why she was also running away with the rest of the people on a horse. But then when she heard Tamojin's voice in her ears, she recognized it. She got off the couch and ran towards her beloved husband. Tamujan mounted her on a horse and the two were reunited and Borte remained with Tamujan until his death.
After that came the fate of the Merkad tribe that those who could flee fled, but not a single one of those who remained survived. Borte had reached Tamujan but there was a problem. During her eight-month imprisonment, she had lost hope. A few weeks after her return, she gave birth to a son. This son was named Jochi Khan. Tamujan's family rejected Juchi as a descendant of Merkad tribe. But Tamujan, in love with Borte, adopted this child as well and never made him feel like a stepchild. It was at this time that Tamujan was going to make a name for himself in history. Then an incident happened that turned him from Tamojin to Genghis Khan.
How did he get the title of Genghis Khan?
Why did Genghis Khan fight his close friend in the first major war?
Why did Genghis Khan decide to conquer the whole world?
And what did he understand?
All this will be shown to you in the 2nd part of Genghis Khan story (Mongol warlords Jamukha & Naimans fight Temujin.)
Stay tune with us for Second Part.
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