"Table Of Content"
Acknowledgement
Genghis Khan or Genghis Khan was the first Great Mongolian tribal chief who conquered northern China, Central Asia (including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan), and Afghanistan and invaded parts of India (modern-day Pakistan). Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia and large swathes of Russian lands were also integrated into the Mongol Empire. Even Europe was afraid of him. Genghis Khan established the 2nd largest empire in the world after the British Empire. His empire was also the largest contiguous empire in the world. He was the founder of modern-day Mongolia, He also captured Beijing, Samarkand, Balkh, Bukhara, Bamyan, and Herat. His grandson Kublai Khan ruled over entire China and captured the Sung dynasty.
Part 2
“Mongol warlords Jamukha & Naimans fight Temujin.”
Tamujin's best friend, blood brother Jamuka, is arrested and brought before him. Tamujin offers her to be friends again, but Jamuka's response to him is a surprise for Tamujin. What was the answer?
How did Tamujin become Genghis Khan from a simple chieftain?
And this hard journey is red with many infidelities and countless bloodstains. But what is this journey?
This is what we are showing you in the second part of the mini story of who was the Genghis Khan?
During Tamujan's childhood, another Mongol tribe called the "Jedard" or "Jadirad" used to camp near Tamujan every winter.
These people were not hunters like the Tamujans, but were peaceful nomads herding sheep. He had a good ceremony with the tribe of Tamojan. They did not even attack each other. Tamujan became close friends with a child of the same tribe 'Jamuka'. A friendship so deep that the two would play hunting together, share a meal together and Even write The Secret History of the Mongols, the oldest book ever written about Genghis Khan. It is also written that Tamujan and Jamuka used to sleep in the same bed.
Even at the age of twelve, both had drunk each other's blood.
It was a tradition among the Mongols that when two people became close friends, took an oath of loyalty, they symbolically gave each other a gift. During this time, they also drank a few drops of each other's blood. This ritual was called 'Anda' by the Mongols, in English you can call it Blood Brothers.
So one day, after hunting, Jamuka dehorned the calf. They made a necklace by drilling holes in them and presented it to Tamujan as a gift. Tamujan also gave a gift of an arrow to Jamuka in response.
Both also drank a few drops of each other's blood. Now both of them had traditionally become one and the same. Now they could give and take life for each other. Because these gifts and this ritual were of extraordinary importance. But obviously they were nomads. Sometimes on the banks of this river and sometimes at the foot of that mountain. So after spending a few years of childhood together, the two friends drifted apart. They are gone but not forgotten.
They used to get each other's good news from the caravans coming and going. That is why, when Tamujan's wife Borte was kidnapped, the 20,000-strong army that came to rescue her was from Jamuka. And we have shown you this story in the previous episode. So, since Borte's return, Jamuka and Tamojan were living in the same camp. By this time Jamuka had also become the chief of his tribe. And Tamojan had also gathered around him many loyal ones of whom he was now the chief. Now it happened that the two friends started building a big army. He began to gather the nomadic Mongols around him to form a large army. Both had started to gather a large army, but the point was that this was the problem. That both wanted to rule the whole of Mongolia.
And you know that there was a saying in Mongolia that just as there cannot be two sun, there cannot be two chieftains of the Mongols.
And in the struggle for power, blood relations become dull, then these were blood brothers or brothers formed as a result of the Anda ritual.
So the struggle for complete power started in both of them.
This tension was also beginning to appear in the form of small grudges. Jamuka complains to Tamujan why he is appointing low caste people as commanders in the army. And why is he neglecting the upper caste people? When this complaint of his did not go away, he started to be angry with Tamujan. One day he asked Tamujan to camp by the river with your cows and sheep. While I am going to take my horses and camp in the meadow. When Tamujan's wife Borte heard this, she warned her husband saying that Jamuka has grown tired of your friendship. So skip ahead and be careful traveling at night. Tamojin did just that. So Tamujan and his companions left the camp in the dark of night, leaving Jamuka and his family behind. They reached far away from Jamuka's camp and set up their own camp.
Thus, after living together for a year and a half, the two friends went their separate ways. Now the two friends started forming their separate armies. And then one day someone informed Tamujin about his old clan, whose chief was once his father. And the tribe and its people who had attacked him and taken him prisoner have become friends with Jamuka. This was a de facto declaration of friendship by Tamojin's childhood friend, blood brother Jamuka. Rather, it was the beginning of animosity in a way. So it happened that a separate ceremony was held in both the camps. And in Mongolia it was like two suns rising.
A ceremony was going on at Jamuka's camp. In which many of his supporting tribes were gathered. He gave the title of Gorkhan to Jamuka. It meant the greatest chief of the Mongols. There were thirteen to sixteen tribes who gave this address.But what happened was that some of Jamuka's supporters left him for some reason and met Tamujan in the meantime. One of them told Tamujin that he had a strange dream. He has seen that the earth and the sky have become one. And they are saying together that only Timojan should be the greatest Khan.
A ceremony was also held at the Yamp of So Tamujan. Tamojin was given the title of Genghis Khan, the ruler of the universe, and was celebrated. Consider that both wanted to become the greatest chiefs of the Mongols, but neither took the title of Khaqan.
However, among the Mongols, the chief of all chiefs was called Khaqan.
Obviously, this was because both knew that unless one of them died or accepted the obedience of the other, the other could never be called Khaqan. So once those who were bound by blood relationship by drinking each other's blood were now preparing to shed each other's blood. It is true that there is no weapon called morality in the war of power. A power struggle between the two blood brothers was imminent, all it took was a slight pretext like a spark. And then see that a very minor incident was used as an excuse.
According to The Secret History of the Mongols, Jamuka's brother Tichar stole the horses of a friend of Genghis Khan.
Genghis Khan's companion chased the thief and killed him with an arrow. When Jamuka learned of his brother's death, his body caught fire. It is said that he prepared an army of thirty thousand and forgot to attack Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan had an army of only thirteen thousand. The small army fought well against the large army of Jamuka, but the field remained in the hands of Jamuka. Genghis Khan fled after being defeated and took refuge in a gorge. One was that he was licking the wound of the necklace, the other irony was that he received another painful news.
The news was that some people from one of his allied clans, the Jarkans, had been captured by Jamuka.
And what was painful in this news was that seventy of them had been drowned in boiling water by Jamuka. When Genghis Khan learned of this, he swore an oath. He swears that he will now prepare himself so that he will never face defeat again. He once again began to raise an army.
He contacted his old ally, the chieftain of the Karaite tribe, Ong Khan.
Ong Khan decided to side with Genghis Khan and came to Genghis Khan's aid with a large army. A large army was now ready against Jamuka. But before the decisive action against Jamuka, Genghis Khan wanted to deal with the Tartars. Because these people were his family enemies for centuries. It was he who killed Genghis Khan's father Yesugai and this story we have shown you. So Genghis Khan and his ally Ong Khan launched a decisive attack and shattered the Tatar tribes and their power.
So Genghis Khan ordered the army to decapitate any Tatar man tall enough to be lifted by a wheel. This attack was so strong that the Tatars' backs were broken. They became so weak that they lost their ability to compete for a long time. During the campaign against the Tatars, Genghis Khan and Ong Khan also had the full support of the Chen Imperial Family of China. The reason was that the Chinese rulers were also worried about the Tatar tribes living near their border. To avoid the attacks of such groups, they used to build great walls like Wall China. Therefore, when the Tatars suffered a crushing defeat, the Chinese rulers were also very happy. He gave Ong Khan the title of 'Wang' which meant prince, prince. But surprisingly, he could not recognize the talents of Genghis Khan.
They only gave him the title of Commander. And this title had no special significance in China. But the irony of time is that the one whom they considered a minor commander was going to become their king after a few years. After the Tartars, Genghis Khan then turned to Jamuka. Interestingly, this time Jamuka was accompanied by magicians in comparison to Genghis Khan.
According to legends, these sorcerers had assured Jamuka that they would bring a mighty storm with magic and Genghis Khan's army would be swept away in that storm. The battle began, the wizards began to cast spells. And yes, there was a storm too, but its target was reversed.
It was as if during the spectacle of magic, at some point by chance, it started snowing and stormy winds started blowing. But Jamuka's army, instead of Tamujan, lost its order in the storm. His various units began to fall apart from each other and the command of the army was broken. When they saw their tricks backfired, the magicians also ran away with their feet on their heads. They used to run away and say that heaven no longer loves us.
The sky is not happy with us, the sky has turned away from us. When the force of the storm broke, Genghis Khan also began to wipe his hands easily on Jamuka's Bachi Khchi army. This time Jamuka had fled the field and was escaping the wrath of Genghis Khan. But some special people had come to Genghis Khan's hands.
These people were very much wanted by Genghis Khan anyway. Because these were the people who were actually the people of his tribe in his father's leadership. It was these people who left Genghis Khan and his mother after Yesugai's death. Genghis Khan was also taken prisoner by these people.
What Genghis Khan did was that he killed the children of the family that had usurped the chieftainship from his mother and from him, and ended their race. But the other members of the tribe were pardoned by Genghis Khan and accepted back into his leadership.
However, these people had only two choices, unquestioning obedience to Genghis Khan or a body without a neck. So it was better for them to accept obedience than a body without a neck, so they did.
The war was won by Genghis Khan, but once during this war he narrowly escaped death from a severe wound in the neck. It so happened that during the battle with Jamuka and his allies, Genghis Khan received a deep wound on his neck.
Perhaps the story of Genghis Khan would have ended with blood flowing from this neck wound. But here a loyal friend of his came in handy. Djelmi sat at Genghis Khan's head all night and sucked out the blood clots from his wound. Then when Genghis Khan felt thirsty, Jelmi also went out to find milk for him.
Coincidentally, milk was not available in or around Genghis Khan's tent. But the enemy's camp was also not far from Genghis Khan's camp. Jelmi acted boldly and secretly stole a pot of milk from the enemy's camp. This quenched Genghis Khan's thirst and gradually healed the wound.
After recovering, as you have seen, Genghis Khan attacked his enemies brick by brick and forced them to leave the field. Genghis Khan had a major victory against Jamuka. And his old tribe had also come under his obedience. But in the meantime, Genghis Khan also suffered a blow.
Ong Khan had become his enemy instead of a friend.
The reason for this enmity was that Ong Khan's son had refused to give his sister's relation to Tamujan's son Juchi Khan. Then he provoked his father not to give too much importance to Genghis Khan. After that, an unsuccessful attempt was made to kill Tamujan by calling him on the pretext.
He began to tell his father that Genghis Khan was befriending our former ally and current opponent, the Turkish tribe of Niman.
Ong Khan got caught up in what his sons and Jamuka had to say and made the costly mistake of turning a powerful friend like Genghis Khan into an enemy.
He had already sworn never to be defeated. So instead of waiting for Ong Khan, he attacked his camp himself.
Surrounding the camp of his old ally, Genghis Khan began the war. For three days there was a terrible fight between the two. On the third day Ong Khan left the camp and fled. He fled to the territory of his former ally and current opponent, the Niman tribe. Here a guard did not recognize Ong Khan and killed him as a thief.
Immediately after this murder, a fight broke out between Genghis Khan and the Niman tribe.
Why did this happen?
In fact, there is a legend behind it, a story.
It is said that when the Niman tribe came to know that Ong Khan had been killed by their guard, they were very sad. Because the Niman tribe had become hostile to Ong Khan's tribe. But because of the good relations of the past, he did not want the death of a respected chief like Ong Khan.
So, according to their traditions, they cut off his head and brought it to a tent in their camp. A grand feast was held here to pay homage to him. Ong Khan's name was offered in the feast. According to legend, at the same time, Ong Khan's severed head allegedly started laughing. Perhaps it was a symptom of his delusions after drinking too much. But Tiang Khan, the chief of the Niman tribe, was shocked to see Sar laughing. In this frenzy, he crushed Ong Khan's head under his feet and broke it into pieces. While he was doing this, dogs started barking loudly from outside. From which people derived the bad omen that a great calamity was about to befall them. And yes disaster was coming and the name of this disaster was Genghis Khan.
It so happened that when the chieftain of the Niman tribe learned that Genghis Khan had taken control of a large part of Mongolia, he saw his tribe in danger.
Genghis Khan also defeated one of Tiang Khan's brothers in a battle. But Tiang Khan considered himself a more powerful warrior than his brother.So he decided to confront Genghis Khan. In order to increase his power, he also joined Genghis Khan's enemy Jamuka and started preparing for war. But what happened was that their attack plan was already leaked. His news reached Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan had vowed not to lose, so he once again made a preemptive strike. He immediately set out for battle.
When he reached the territory of the Niman tribe, he ordered that each of his soldiers should light five bonfires at night.
The soldiers did the same. When the bonfires lit up so many and so far away on the battlefield, the spies of the Niman clan who were spying in the distant mountains and forests were afraid. He reported to his chief that there were as many bonfires burning in the Mongol camp as the stars in the sky. That is, the army of the Mongols is much bigger than the estimates. This news depressed the morale of Niman Lashkar.
So the next day when they went out to the battlefield, they were doing Hao Hoo To, but it didn't have the enthusiasm of Hao Hoo.
Genghis Khan, on the other hand, was fully prepared. He had divided his army into many smaller armies. Each army began to surround the Niman tribe and Jamuka's army from the opposite direction. Genghis Khan's soldiers began to push the Niman tribe back towards the mountains by continuously raining arrows. But the Niman tribe was no ordinary tribe.
Defeating him was not such an easy task.
But here was a turning point. That is, Genghis Khan's old friend and then enemy Jamuka started playing a double game. He was an ally of the Niman clan, participated in the war but started sending secret messages to Genghis Khan. Perhaps, after fighting many battles with Genghis Khan, he realized that it was impossible to defeat him. That's why he was secretly confiding in Genghis Khan and also advising Tiang Khan, the chief of Niman tribe, to retreat.
Genghis Khan also continued to advance. And so, by Jamuka's disloyalty, Tiang Khan and his companions were trapped in the mountains so that Genghis Khan could play their prey as he pleased. They were all surrounded by him. In such a situation Jamuka escaped with his five companions. Genghis Khan began to kill the people of the Niman tribe and put their chieftain to death. Then there came a time when Gorbisu, the mother of Tiang Khan, the chief of the tribe, was brought before him. This woman used to say that she smelled like Mongols.
Genghis Khan decided to punish him. And the punishment was that she would now become Genghis Khan's wife. However, another great chief Tiang Khan had been killed after a battle with Genghis Khan and Jamuka was a fugitive. Jamuka had secretly supported Genghis Khan, but Genghis Khan was no longer ready to blindly trust Jamuka. He wanted to possess her at any cost.
Modern historians also say that Jamuka was a double agent of Genghis Khan and now he wanted to eliminate this double agent as his weakness. That's why Genghis Khan's soldiers were looking for him everywhere. Genghis Khan had also announced a large reward for Jamuka's capture. Jamuka along with his five companions roamed the mountains for a year and lived by robbing nomadic tribes. But when his companions found out that Genghis Khan had placed a reward for Jamuka's capture, they were tempted.
One night when Jamuka was eating, five of his companions attacked him and tied him up and brought him to Genghis Khan. He expected a great reward from Genghis Khan.But their happiness was spoiled when Genghis Khan instead of awarding them the death sentence.
In fact, Genghis Khan had a strong hatred for those who break their loyalty to their master and commit treason. So, he killed those who betrayed his chief in the greed of reward. Then he turned to Jamuka. His childhood blood brother, Jamuka, with whom he had eaten, drank and slept, lay bound in ropes before him. Genghis Khan said to Jamuka that fate has brought us both together again, so why don't we become one again. But Jamuka's reply surprised Genghis Khan.
Jamuka said, "Just as there can be only one sun in the sky, so the Mongols can have only one ruler."
If I live, I will always be a trouble to you, so it is better that you kill me. Yes, give me a death in which my blood does not flow.
It is written in the old books that Jamuka was killed by Genghis Khan by breaking the spine from the neck. On the order of Genghis Khan, Jamuka's last rites were performed in a good manner.
But modern historians dispute this. They believe that Genghis Khan, by acting enmity with his blood brother, used him to weaken his real enemies against his enemies. Then, fearing that the secret would be revealed after the work was done, Genghis Khan had Jamuka killed.
Modern historians even say that Jamuka's bloodless story is also a lie. And the Mongols created this story to honor their great leader Genghis Khan. In fact, Jamuka was brutally hacked to pieces.
Jamuka is said to have said these last words to Genghis Khan before he died:
"I will come and haunt you in the dark nights, I will ruin your sleep".
However, no matter how the murder happened, Jamuka was no more.
Ong Khan Great leaders like Tiang Khan had died.
Genghis Khan was now undoubtedly the greatest leader of Mongolia.
In Twelve Hundred and Sixth, the place where the river Onan rises, where the river Onan originates. Therewas a great gathering of all the tribes of the Mongols. It was called 'Qarultai' in Mongolian language. A small white flag was hoisted in this gathering. Nine tails, tails were waving on the flag.
In this gathering, all the Mongol tribes unanimously accepted Genghis Khan as the greatest Khan of the entire region. Now he had become the greatest Khan, Khaqan or king of the region. When he reached this opportunity, he did not know why this idea had sat in his heart and mind. That the god of the Mongols, the blue sky, has written in the destiny of Genghis Khan to rule the whole world. Now his next target, the next target was the same country that had given him the title of a general to commander a few years ago. China. The same China whose rulers considered themselves superior to the Mongols. Now the Mongols had to fight the Chinese under the leadership of Genghis Khan, but the Chinese had gunpowder.
How did the Mongols who sat on the bare backs of horsescope with the guns and cannons of the Chinese?
Genghis Khan proved to be a messiah, not an angel of death for Muslims, really?
All this will you know but in the next, 3rd Chapter of the Story Who was the Genghis Khan? (Mongol warlords Jamukha & Naimans fight Temujin.)
Stay tune with us for 3rd Part.
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